有关<organic synthesis>_百度知道

来自 : 百度知道 发布时间：2021-03-25

W hler synthesized urea, the first organic compound to be made from inorganic materials, in 1828. Since then the study of organic chemistry has progressed dramatically and thousands of useful organic compounds have been synthesized using various novel reactions, catalysts, reagents, and synthetic methodologies. Furthermore, efforts have been made to realize environmentally friendly organic synthesis, i.e., green chemistry, and so the use of polymer supported reagents, fluorous solvents or ionic liquids have been studied. In this section you will find lists of our reagents for various purposes including: polymer supported reagents, oxidation, reduction, condensation, protection, and homogeneous metal complex catalysts, etc.
1.有机化合物的官能团和重要的基团

官能团 functional group
双键 double bond
三键 triple bond
烃基 hydroxy group
琉基 mercapto
硫轻基 sulfhydryl group
羰基 carbonyl group
氨基 amino group
亚氨基 imino group
硝基 nitro group
亚硝基 nitroso group
氰基 cyano group
羧基 carboxyl group
磺基 sulpho group
烷基 alkyl group
苯基 phenyl group
卡基 benzyl group
芳基 aryl group
烯基 allyl group
烷氧基 alkoxyl group
酰基 acyl group
活性亚甲基 active methylene group

2.有机化合物的类型

烃 hydrocarbon
石蜡 paraffin
脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon
烷烃 alkane
烯烃 alkene
炔烃 alkyne
共扼二烯烃 conjugated diene
脂环烃 alicyclic hydrocarbon
螺环化合物 spiro compound
桥环化合物 bridged ring compound
芳烃 aromatic hydrocarbon
非苯芳烃 nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon
稠环芳烃 condensed aromatics
卤代烃 halohydrocarbon

醇 alcohol
酚 phenol
醚 ether

环氧化合物 epoxide
冠醚 crown ether
硫醇 thiol
硫酚 thiophenol
硫醚 sulfide
二硫化物 disulfide

亚磺酸 sulfinic acid
磺酸 sulfonic acid
亚砜 sulfoxide
砜 sulfone

醛 aldehyde
酮 ketone
半缩醛 hemiacetaI
半缩酮 hemiketal
缩醛 acetal
缩酮 ketal
西佛碱 shiff s base
肟 oxime
腙 hydrozone
缩氨脲 semicarbazone
α,β-不饱和酮α,β--unsaturated ketone
醌 quinone
羧酸 carboxylic acid
酰卤 acid halide

酸酐 acid anhydride
酯 ester
酰胺 amide
内酯 lactone
内酰胺 lactam
月青 nitrile
取代酸 substituted acid
羟基酸 hydroxy acid
醇酸 alcoholic acid
酚酸 phenolic acid
酮酸 keto acid

B-酮酸酯 B-ketone ester
乙酰乙酸乙醋 ethyl acetoacetate
亚硝基化合物 nitroso compound